The RNA Phase I–II cohort contains 31 unique trials after deduplicating Phase I/II overlap, with 442 site-trial slots, 281 distinct European sites, and 2,601 planned country-level participant allocations. Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris is the strongest repeat site, appearing in 9 of 31 trials. Spain has the largest site footprint with 100 of 442 site slots, while France has the largest planned participant allocation with 427 of 2,601 participants.
Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris leads with 9 trial participations, covering 29.0% of the 31-trial cohort. Hospital Universitari Vall D Hebron follows with 8 trial participations, while Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, and Hospital Universitario Ramon Y Cajal each appear in 7 trials.
| Rank | Site | Country | Trials | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris | France | 9 | 29.0% |
| 2 | Hospital Universitari Vall D Hebron | Spain | 8 | 25.8% |
| 3 | Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin KöR | Germany | 7 | 22.6% |
| 4 | Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS | Italy | 7 | 22.6% |
| 5 | Hospital Universitario Ramon Y Cajal | Spain | 7 | 22.6% |
| 6 | Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam | Netherlands | 6 | 19.4% |
| 7 | Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre | Spain | 6 | 19.4% |
| 8 | Narodowy Instytut Onkologii Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie | Poland | 6 | 19.4% |
| 9 | University Hospital Virgen Del Rocio S.L. | Spain | 6 | 19.4% |
| 10 | Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori | Italy | 5 | 16.1% |
Early-stage RNA trial capacity is concentrated in high-throughput academic and oncology-linked hospital networks. France, Spain, Germany, Italy, and Poland all contribute repeat sites, but AP-HP is the clearest multi-protocol early RNA hub.
The top five countries account for 334 of 442 site slots, or 75.6% of all RNA Phase I–II site activity. Spain leads by site footprint with 100 site slots, while France leads by planned participant allocation with 427 participants.
| Country | Site slots | Participants | Trial-country entries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | 100 | 304 | 14 |
| Germany | 86 | 333 | 13 |
| France | 57 | 427 | 17 |
| Italy | 46 | 139 | 11 |
| Poland | 45 | 192 | 10 |
Spain and Germany dominate early-stage RNA site capacity by site count, while France carries the highest planned participant allocation. This suggests early RNA trial planning separates broad site activation from high-volume enrolment allocation.
Oncology is the dominant early RNA segment, accounting for 13 of 31 trials and 275 of 442 site slots. That equals 41.9% of trials and 62.2% of all site slots. Rare disease and cardiology are the next largest site-demand areas, with 59 and 55 site slots respectively.
Early RNA site demand is already heavily oncology-led. Rare disease remains important, but it uses smaller specialist networks, while cardiology contributes fewer trials but a large site footprint.
Head and neck cancer labels create the largest disease cluster, with 70 site slots. Colorectal cancer follows with 61 site slots, while bladder cancer contributes 35 site slots. Outside oncology, heart failure-related cardiology labels contribute 25 site slots and hemophilia B contributes 19.
Early RNA development is not concentrated in a single disease. Instead, oncology creates the broadest site networks, while rare disease, cardiology, and haematology create smaller, specialist-driven site clusters.
The cohort is weighted toward Phase II: 16 of 31 trials appear only in Phase II files, 13 appear across Phase I/II overlap, and 2 appear only in Phase I files. By trial-stage label, 13 trials are Phase I/II, 12 are Phase II, 3 are Phase II/III, 2 are Phase I, and 1 is Phase II/IV.
The early RNA cohort is mostly development-expansion rather than pure first-in-human activity. The high Phase I/II and Phase II presence suggests many programs are already moving into proof-of-concept, dose-expansion, or indication-focused site networks.
Site-trial slot means one de-duplicated site listed for one trial in one country. Participant allocation means the country-level planned participant number reported in the geography variable. RNA includes trials matched to mRNA or Other RNA modality tags. Phase I–II cohort includes records from Phase I and Phase II files, deduplicated by trial code where Phase I/II trials appear in both files.